Until recently, eating food has usually been regarded as a low-risk activity. In the last century, industrialization has changed methods and chemicals used in the food supply chain to improve production, maintenance, and acceptance by consumers. Hazardous substances can be used in these processes. However, despite the many potential health risks associated with food, in […]

Elemental impurities (EI) in drug products may arise from several sources. They can be intentionally added or contaminants. EIs do not provide any therapeutic benefit to the patient, therefore, their levels should be controlled within acceptable limits in the drug product (DP). The ICH guideline Q3D(R1) on elemental impurities provides an appropriate process to assess […]

Any drug treatment may be accompanied by adverse events or toxicity. This is especially true for anticancer therapies, generally named chemotherapies, administered to kill cancer cells. The extent of side effects or toxicity depends on the dose and can vary from subject to subject and from treatment to treatment. It is important to note that […]

Abstract Cytokines and chemokines are engaged in the protection of an organism against external aggressors and diseases. They work together regulating and determining the nature of immune responses and controlling the immune cell trafficking and the cellular arrangement of immune organs. An imbalance or dysregulation in cytokines or chemokines contributes to various diseases where the […]